Temperate+Deciduous

By Stephanie Janiec and Annie Pappenhagen
 * __ Temperate Deciduous Forest __

Location:

Abiotic Conditions: The climate ranges from 20 to 0 degrees C. Precipitation ranges from 50 cm/yr to 200cm/yr. It is mostly in the form of rain in the summer and snow in the winter. Temperate deciduous forests have rich soil because of the fallen leaves and dead organic material decomposing on the forest floor.

Native Species:


 * Ant
 * Bald Eagle
 * Beaver
 * Black Bear
 * Brown Bear
 * Cardinal
 * White-tailed Deer
 * Fox
 * Mallard Duck
 * Opposum
 * Raccoon
 * Red Fox[[image:http://ths.sps.lane.edu/biomes/Images/raccoon.jpg caption="Raccoon"]]
 * Skunk
 * Red Tailed Hawk

Invasive Species:
 * Asian Gypsy Moth
 * Brown Fir long horned beetle
 * Citrus long horned beetle
 * European spruce bark beetle
 * Khapra beetle
 * Nun moth
 * Screwworm
 * Siberian moth
 * Tropical bont tick


 * [[image:http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/images/species/1241013_sm.jpg width="120" height="105" align="left" caption="Asian Gypsy Moth"]]

The Asian Gypsy Moths fly faster than the European Gypsy Moth so the can catch food and mates faster. They eat most of the host vegitation in the forest.

Indicator Species:

Plants
 * Yellow buckeye
 * White basswood

Animals
 * Toad
 * Box Turtle
 * Chipmonk[[image:http://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/images/deciduous/vchipmunk2.jpg width="500" height="353" caption="Eastern Chipmunk (Tamias striatus)"]]WhiPan

The chipmonk, unlike the squirrel, feeds off the ground. If there is a theart to the lower areas of the forest, the chipmonk won't feed and they will hide untill the threat is gone. So when they aren't around, it indicates that there is a threat. (which could just be an aproaching human)

Keystone of Foundation Species:

Many of these predators are especially important because the help control the populations of many species to keep the community in balence
 * Puma
 * White-tailed Deer
 * Panther
 * Foxes
 * Bears
 * Mountain Lions
 * Possums



Interspecies Competition Avoidance- For example in Temperate Deciduous Forests- The Nuthatch and the Brown Creeper are birds that both feed on the same type of tree, but they have learned to avoid competition by the Creeper working its way up the tree trunk and the Nuthatch working its way down.
 * When two Species Fundamental Niches overlap and they are forced to either migrate, or learn to focus more specifically on a type of resource

Predator/ Prey Relationship Example: way they can. An example in a Temperate Deciduous Forest would be a Wolf hunting an Owl and a Owl hunting a mouse. Wolfs tend to hunt wounded or sick owls that cannot fly away and Owls use their stealth and ability to fly to capture unsuspecting mice from the ground.
 * Every Biome is full of Predators hunting prey through ambush, hunting, or chemical warfare and prey trying to camouflage and protect themselves any

Symbolic relationship (parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism)
 * An example of a parasitic relationship in a Temperate Deciduous Forest is a tick sucking the blood from a deer. The tick benefits, but the deer is harmed.
 * An example of a mutualistic relationship in a Temperate Deciduous Forest is a bee pollinating flowers- They both benefit.
 * An example of commensalism in a Temperate Deciduous Forest is a squirrel and a tree- The squirrel gets good and shelter from the tree- but the tree is neutral.

The Effects of Environmental Pollution on North American Temperate Forests from chemicals and acid rain.
 * Temperate Forests especially around Lakes and other bodies of water: For example Lake Superior are being destroyed by a combination of deforestation and pollution

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